Quiz 2 Research and Experimental Terms
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists
in correlational research, a variable that exerts a causal influence on both variable 1 and variable 2
a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
a number between -1 and +1 expressing the degree of relationship between two variables
A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.
the relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases
A method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
a phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained
study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group
An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
condition in an experiment in which participants receive a treatment similar to the experimental treatment, but lacking the key feature of the treatment of interest
A subset of the population
a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole
occurs when research participants are not representative of the larger population